On Single Server Private Information Retrieval with Private Coded Side Information

TL;DR

This paper determines the capacity of single server private information retrieval with private coded side information, revealing that for certain parameters, the capacity is 2/K, which is higher than previously conjectured, and shows that half of the side information is redundant.

Contribution

The paper establishes the exact capacity of PIR-PCSI-II for 2 ≤ M ≤ (K+1)/2 as 2/K, disproving previous conjectures and analyzing related capacities.

Findings

Capacity of PIR-PCSI-II for 2 ≤ M ≤ (K+1)/2 is 2/K.

Half of the side information is redundant in this setting.

Results extend to PIR-PCSI-I and PIR-PCSI with private coefficients.

Abstract

Motivated by an open problem and a conjecture, this work studies the problem of single server private information retrieval with private coded side information (PIR-PCSI) that was recently introduced by Heidarzadeh et al. The goal of PIR-PCSI is to allow a user to efficiently retrieve a desired message $\bm{W}_{\bm{\theta}}$, which is one of $K$ independent messages that are stored at a server, while utilizing private side information of a linear combination of a uniformly chosen size-$M$ subset ($\bm{\mathcal{S}}\subset[K]$) of messages. The settings PIR-PCSI-I and PIR-PCSI-II correspond to the constraints that $\bm{\theta}$ is generated uniformly from $[K]\setminus\bm{\mathcal{S}}$, and $\bm{\mathcal{S}}$, respectively. In each case, $(\bm{\theta},\bm{\mathcal{S}})$ must be kept private from the server. The capacity is defined as the supremum over message and field sizes, of achievable rates (number of bits of desired message retrieved per bit of download) and is characterized by Heidarzadeh et al. for PIR-PCSI-I in general, and for PIR-PCSI-II for $M>(K+1)/2$ as $(K-M+1)^{-1}$. For $2\leq M\leq (K+1)/2$ the capacity of PIR-PCSI-II remains open, and it is conjectured that even in this case the capacity is $(K-M+1)^{-1}$. We show the capacity of PIR-PCSI-II is equal to $2/K$ for $2 \leq M \leq \frac{K+1}{2}$, which is strictly larger than the conjectured value, and does not depend on $M$ within this parameter regime. Remarkably, half the side-information is found to be redundant. We also characterize the infimum capacity (infimum over fields instead of supremum), and the capacity with private coefficients. The results are generalized to PIR-PCSI-I ($\theta\in[K]\setminus\mathcal{S}$) and PIR-PCSI ($\theta\in[K]$) settings.