The thermodynamic efficiency of the Lorenz system

TL;DR

This paper derives an analytical formula for the thermodynamic efficiency of the Lorenz waterwheel, revealing how efficiency varies with system parameters and bifurcations, and linking efficiency drops to chaotic transitions.

Contribution

It introduces an exact analytical expression for the efficiency of the Lorenz system and connects bifurcations to efficiency drops, advancing understanding of dissipative structures.

Findings

Efficiency increases with driving far from equilibrium.

Sudden efficiency drops occur at bifurcation points.

Chaotic dynamics reduce the system's entropy generation.

Abstract

We study the thermodynamic efficiency of the Malkus-Lorenz waterwheel. For this purpose, we derive an exact analytical formula that describes the efficiency of this dissipative structure as a function of the phase space variables and the constant parameters of the dynamical system. We show that, generally, as the machine is progressively driven far from thermodynamic equilibrium by increasing its uptake of matter from the environment, it also tends to increase its efficiency. However, sudden drops in the efficiency are found at critical bifurcation points leading to chaotic dynamics. We relate these discontinuous crises in the efficiency to a reduction of the attractor's average value projected along the phase space dimensions that contribute to the rate of entropy generation in the system. In this manner, we provide a thermodynamic criterion that, presumably, governs the evolution of far-from-equilibrium dissipative systems towards their self-assembly and synchronization into increasingly complex networks and structures.