Slow dynamics and large deviations in classical stochastic Fredkin chains

TL;DR

This paper investigates the classical stochastic Fredkin chain, revealing slow dynamics, phase transitions, and complex large deviation structures, with numerical analysis and a proposed 2D generalization.

Contribution

It introduces a classical stochastic Fredkin model, analyzes its phase transitions and dynamics using numerical MPS, and proposes a two-dimensional extension.

Findings

Slow power-law decay of autocorrelations

Hierarchical relaxation processes observed

Active-inactive phase transition identified

Abstract

The Fredkin spin chain serves as an interesting theoretical example of a quantum Hamiltonian whose ground state exhibits a phase transition between three distinct phases, one of which violates the area law. Here we consider a classical stochastic version of the Fredkin model, which can be thought of as a simple exclusion process subject to additional kinetic constraints, and study its classical stochastic dynamics. The ground state phase transition of the quantum chain implies an equilibrium phase transition in the stochastic problem, whose properties we quantify in terms of numerical matrix product states (MPS). The stochastic model displays slow dynamics, including power law decaying autocorrelation functions and hierarchical relaxation processes due to exponential localization. Like in other kinetically constrained models, the Fredkin chain has a rich structure in its dynamical large deviations - which we compute accurately via numerical MPS - including an active-inactive phase transition, and a hierarchy of trajectory phases connected to particular equilibrium states of the model. We also propose, via its height field representation, a generalization of the Fredkin model to two dimensions in terms of constrained dimer coverings of the honeycomb lattice.