Three-dimensional simulation of a core-collapse supernova for a binary star progenitor of SN 1987A

TL;DR

This study presents a 3D simulation of a binary star progenitor of SN 1987A, revealing shock revival and neutron star formation, but with explosion energy and nickel mass lower than observed, highlighting the need for more complex models.

Contribution

First 3D simulation of a binary progenitor of SN 1987A capturing shock revival and neutron star formation, with insights into gravitational wave and neutrino signals.

Findings

Shock revival at 350 ms post-bounce

Neutron star with 1.35 solar mass and 0.1 s spin period

Explosion energy of 0.15 foe and 0.01 solar mass of 56Ni

Abstract

We present results from a self-consistent, non-rotating core-collapse supernova simulation in three spatial dimensions using a binary evolution progenitor model of SN 1987A by Urushibata et al. (2018). This 18.3 solar-mass progenitor model is evolved from a slow-merger of 14 and 8 solar-mass stars, and it satisfies most of the observational constraints such as red-to-blue evolution, lifetime, total mass and position in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram at collapse, and chemical anomalies. Our simulation is initiated from a spherically symmetric collapse and mapped to the three-dimensional coordinates at 10 ms after bounce to follow the non-spherical hydrodynamics evolution. We obtain the neutrino-driven shock revival for this progenitor at 350 ms after bounce, leading to the formation of a newly-born neutron star with average gravitational mass of 1.35 solar mass and spin period of 0.1 s. We also discuss the detectability of gravitational wave and neutrino signals for a Galactic event with the same characteristics as SN 1987A. At our final simulation time (660 ms postbounce), the diagnostic explosion energy, though still growing, is smaller (0.15 foe) compared to the observed value (1.5 foe). The 56Ni mass obtained from the simulation (0.01 solar mass) is also smaller than the reported mass from SN 1987A (0.07 solar mass). Long-term simulation including several missing physical ingredients in our 3D models such as rotation, magnetic fields, or more elaborate neutrino opacity should be done to bridge the gap between the theoretical predictions and the observed values.