A Multi-Event Study of Early-Stage SEP Acceleration by CME-Driven Shocks -- Sun to 1 AU

TL;DR

This paper models the acceleration and transport of solar energetic particles by CME-driven shocks from the corona to 1 AU, integrating observations with dynamic physical models to understand early SEP acceleration.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive model combining telescopic observations and physical simulations to study SEP acceleration and transport from the corona to Earth.

Findings

SEP acceleration occurs near coronal shock surfaces.

Transport processes significantly influence SEP distribution at 1 AU.

Model results align with observed SEP event characteristics.

Abstract

The solar corona below 10 solar radii is an important region for early acceleration and transport of solar energetic particles (SEPs) by coronal mass ejection-driven shock waves. There, these waves propagate into a highly variable dynamic medium with steep gradients and rapidly expanding coronal magnetic fields, which modulates the particle acceleration near the shock or wave surfaces, and the way SEPs spread into the heliosphere. We present a study modelling the acceleration of SEPs in global coronal shock events in the corona, as well as their transport to 1 au, based on telescopic observations coupled with dynamic physical models.