Coverage Probability and Spectral Efficiency Analysis of Multi-Gateway Downlink LoRa Networks

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the performance of multi-gateway downlink LoRa networks, deriving formulas for coverage probability and spectral efficiency, and shows how duty cycle and transmit power improvements enhance network performance.

Contribution

It provides new closed-form expressions for active probability, coverage probability, and spectral efficiency in multi-gateway LoRa networks considering capture effects and SF schemes.

Findings

Coverage probability and spectral efficiency increase with duty cycle and transmit power.

Mathematical models are validated through Monte-Carlo simulations.

Performance improvements are significant under various network configurations.

Abstract

The system-level performance of multi-gateway downlink long-range (LoRa) networks is investigated in the present paper. Specifically, we first compute the active probability of a channel and the selection probability of an active end-device (ED) in the closed-form expressions. We then derive the coverage probability (Pcov) and the area spectral efficiency (ASE) under the impact of the capture effects and different spreading factor (SF) allocation schemes. Our findings show that both the Pcov and the ASE of the considered networks can be enhanced significantly by increasing both the duty cycle and the transmit power. Finally, Monte-Carlo simulations are provided to verify the accuracy of the proposed mathematical frameworks.