Quantum advantage using high-dimensional twisted photons as quantum finite automata

TL;DR

This paper experimentally demonstrates high-dimensional quantum finite automata using the orbital angular momentum of single photons, showing quantum advantage in prime number detection with reduced memory requirements.

Contribution

It introduces a novel implementation of multi-qubit QFAs with high-dimensional encoding on a single photon, showcasing practical quantum advantage over classical automata.

Findings

Successfully implemented up to four parallel qubits using OAM states

Detected prime numbers 5 and 11 more efficiently than classical automata

Showed advantages of structured photons for complex quantum information processing

Abstract

Quantum finite automata (QFA) are basic computational devices that make binary decisions using quantum operations. They are known to be exponentially memory efficient compared to their classical counterparts. Here, we demonstrate an experimental implementation of multi-qubit QFAs using the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of single photons. We implement different high-dimensional QFAs encoded on a single photon, where multiple qubits operate in parallel without the need for complicated multi-partite operations. Using two to eight OAM quantum states to implement up to four parallel qubits, we show that a high-dimensional QFA is able to detect the prime numbers 5 and 11 while outperforming classical finite automata in terms of the required memory. Our work benefits from the ease of encoding, manipulating, and deciphering multi-qubit states encoded in the OAM degree of freedom of single photons, demonstrating the advantages structured photons provide for complex quantum information tasks.