A Network Approach to Atomic Spectra

TL;DR

This paper applies network science to atomic spectra data, revealing quantum symmetries and predicting unknown transitions, thus offering a novel interdisciplinary approach to understanding atomic properties.

Contribution

It introduces a network-based framework for analyzing atomic spectra, uncovering symmetries and predicting spectral lines, bridging network science and physics.

Findings

Quantum numbers and symmetries emerge from network communities in simple atoms.

Finer network hierarchies suggest additional microscopic symmetries in complex atoms.

Link prediction ranks potential unknown atomic transitions.

Abstract

Network science provides a universal framework for modeling complex systems, contrasting the reductionist approach generally adopted in physics. In a prototypical study, we utilize network models created from spectroscopic data of atoms to predict microscopic properties of the underlying physical system. For simple atoms such as helium, an a posteriori inspection of spectroscopic network communities reveals the emergence of quantum numbers and symmetries. For more complex atoms such as thorium, finer network hierarchies suggest additional microscopic symmetries or configurations. Link prediction yields a quantitative ranking of yet unknown atomic transitions, offering opportunities to discover new spectral lines in a well-controlled manner. Our work promotes a genuine bi-directional exchange of methodology between network science and physics, and presents new perspectives for the study of atomic spectra.