Uniform stabilization of Navier-Stokes equations in critical $L^q$-based Sobolev and Besov spaces by finite dimensional interior localized feedback controls

TL;DR

This paper develops a method to uniformly stabilize 2D and 3D Navier-Stokes equations near unstable equilibria using finite-dimensional, localized feedback controls in critical Sobolev and Besov spaces, simplifying previous approaches.

Contribution

It introduces a novel stabilization approach in critical function spaces for Navier-Stokes equations, improving and simplifying prior Hilbert space methods, and sets the stage for boundary control stabilization in 3D.

Findings

Achieved uniform stabilization in critical $L^q$-based Sobolev and Besov spaces.

Provided a simplified, computationally feasible control design.

Laid groundwork for boundary feedback stabilization in 3D.

Abstract

We consider 2- or 3-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations defined on a bounded domain $\Omega$, with no-slip boundary conditions and subject to an external force, assumed to cause instability. We then seek to uniformly stabilize such N-S system, in the vicinity of an unstable equilibrium solution, in critical $L^q$-based Sobolev and Besov spaces, by finite dimensional feedback controls. These spaces are `close' to $L^3(\Omega)$ for $d=3$. This functional setting is significant. In fact, in the case of the uncontrolled N-S dynamics, extensive research efforts have recently lead to the space $L^3(\mathbb{R}^3)$ as being a critical space for the issue of well-posedness in the full space. Thus, our present work manages to solve the stated uniform stabilization problem for the controlled N-S dynamics in a correspondingly related function space setting. In this paper, the feedback controls are localized on an arbitrarily small open interior subdomain $\omega$ of $\Omega$. In addition to providing a solution of the uniform stabilization problem in such critical function space setting, this paper manages also to much improve and simplify, at both the conceptual and computational level, the solution given in the more restrictive Hilbert space setting in the literature. Moreover, such treatment sets the foundation for the authors' final goal in a subsequent paper. Based critically on said low functional level where compatibility conditions are not recognized, the subsequent paper solves in the affirmative a presently open problem: whether uniform stabilization by localized tangential boundary feedback controls, which-in addition-are finite dimensional, is also possible in dim $\Omega = 3$.