Two-Dimensional Arbitrary Angle of Arrival in Radar Target Simulation

TL;DR

This paper extends a radar target simulation method to generate virtual targets at arbitrary angles in both azimuth and elevation, enhancing validation testing for automotive radar sensors in autonomous vehicles.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach combining four RTS channels to synthesize 3D arbitrary angle of arrival, supported by a theoretical model and experimental verification.

Findings

Successful synthesis of 3D arbitrary AoA targets

Theoretical model aligns with measurement results

Enhanced validation capabilities for automotive radar

Abstract

Automotive radar sensors play a key role in the current development of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). Their ability to detect objects even under adverse weather conditions makes them indispensable for environment-sensing tasks in autonomous vehicles. Since an operational failure presents a potential risk to human life, thorough and practical validation testing must be performed, requiring an integrative test solution. Radar target simulators (RTS) are capable of performing over-the-air validation tests by generating virtual radar echoes that are perceived as targets by the radar under test (RuT). Since the authenticity and credibility of these targets is based on the accuracy with which they are created, their simulated position must be arbitrarily adjustable. In this work, an existing approach to synthesize virtual radar targets at an arbitrary angle of arrival (AoA) is extended to cover both, the azimuth and elevation domain. The concept is based on the superposition of the returning signals from four neighboring RTS channels. A theoretical model describing the basic principle and its constraints is developed. In addition, a measurement campaign is conducted to verify the practical functionality of the proposed approach.