Heart-Based Biometric Protocols: A look back over almost two decades

TL;DR

This survey reviews nearly two decades of heart-based biometric authentication protocols, focusing on signal transformation, dataset usage, feature extraction algorithms, and cryptographic validation methods.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive classification and analysis of heart-based biometric protocols from 2003 to 2021, highlighting key methodologies and validation approaches.

Findings

Classification of protocols based on datasets, algorithms, and cryptographic tests

Identification of common techniques for signal transformation and feature extraction

Assessment of the security validation methods used in heart-based biometrics

Abstract

This article surveys the literature over the period 2003-2021 on heart-based biometric protocols. In particular, we focus on how the heart signal is transformed from a continuous wave to discrete values to be used afterwards in authentication protocols. We explain and classify the surveyed proposals according to three main parameters: i) the dataset they use for testing their results; ii) the delineation algorithms they use to extract the fiducial points, and; iii) the cryptographic tests they run (if any) to validate how random the extracted token is.