Neutrino Astronomy with IMB, Kamiokande and Super Kamiokande

TL;DR

This paper reviews early neutrino astronomy achieved with large underground water Cherenkov detectors like IMB, Kamiokande, and Super Kamiokande, highlighting their contributions to solar, supernova, and atmospheric neutrino observations.

Contribution

It summarizes the development and scientific achievements of water Cherenkov detectors in neutrino astronomy, emphasizing their role in pioneering neutrino observations.

Findings

Real-time solar neutrino detection

Observation of supernova neutrinos

Detection of atmospheric neutrinos

Abstract

Some of the earliest work on neutrino astronomy was accomplished by a class of underground detectors primarily designed for particle physics goals . These detectors used inexpensive water to obtain the large masses needed to observe the very low interaction rates expected from neutrinos. They exploited the relatively large light attenuation length and the index of refraction of the water to get a very inexpensive cost per thousand tons of detector. The results obtained from these pioneering neutrino detectors have included real time observation of solar neutrinos, supernova neutrinos, and atmospheric neutrinos. Searches for neutrino point sources, dark matter and primordial magnetic monopoles were also made using them.