Three-dimensional AdS black holes in massive-power-Maxwell theor

TL;DR

This paper derives and analyzes three-dimensional black hole solutions in massive gravity coupled with power-Maxwell electrodynamics, exploring their geometric, thermodynamic, stability, and optical properties.

Contribution

It provides exact solutions in dRGT massive gravity with PM electrodynamics and investigates their thermodynamic stability and optical features, which is a novel combination.

Findings

Black hole solutions are obtained explicitly.

Thermodynamic laws are validated for these black holes.

Optical properties are significantly influenced by model parameters.

Abstract

Recently, it was shown that the power-Maxwell (PM) theory could remove the singularity of the electric field \cite{PM2}. Motivated by a great interest in three-dimensional black holes and a surge of success in studying massive gravity from both the cosmological and astrophysical points of view, we investigate three-dimensional black hole solutions in de Rham, Gabadadze, and Tolley (dRGT) massive theory of gravity in the presence of PM electrodynamics. First, we extract exact three-dimensional solutions in this theory of gravity. Then we study the geometrical properties of these solutions. Calculating conserved and thermodynamic quantities, we check the validity of the first law of thermodynamics for these black holes. We also examine the stability of these black holes in the context of the canonical ensemble. We continue calculating this kind of black hole's optical features, such as the photon orbit radius, the energy emission rate, and the deflection angle. Considering these optical quantities, finally, we analyze the effective role of the parameters of models on them.