The background field method applied to cosmological phase transition

TL;DR

This paper applies the background gauge field method to study the cosmic phase transition, revealing its first-order nature and dependence on temperature and chemical potential, with new numerical and graphical results at nonzero temperature.

Contribution

It introduces the application of the background gauge field method to cosmological phase transitions, providing new numerical results and insights into the transition's first-order character.

Findings

The phase transition is first order.

Symmetry breaking depends on temperature and chemical potential.

Non-restoration of symmetry occurs in hot gauge theories for cosmology.

Abstract

In this paper, the cosmic phase transition is investigated by background gauge field method. As a continuation of previous our work, some numerical results and graphic solutions at $T\neq 0$ are presented. Hence the mechanism of cosmic phase transition in the early Universe is considered. It is shown that the breaking of symmetry significantly depend on the nonzero temperature and chemical potential. Furthermore, it is the first order of phase transition. Non - restoration of symmetry in hot gauge theories for Cosmology.