The Exochronous Universe: a static solution to the Einstein field equation

TL;DR

This paper proposes a novel static cosmological model based on an exochronous metric that addresses current issues in the standard model by eliminating the need for dark matter and dark energy, offering a potentially better explanation of the universe.

Contribution

It introduces the exochronous metric as a static solution to Einstein's equations, challenging the reliance on dark components in cosmology.

Findings

The exochronous universe can match observed baryonic matter density.

The model provides a static universe solution to Einstein's equations.

It offers an alternative to the $ ext{Λ}$CDM paradigm without dark matter or dark energy.

Abstract

Arguably our current cosmological paradigm, the so-called $\Lambda$CDM `concordance model', faces an existential crisis. This has largely been brought about by its reliance on the twin concepts of dark matter and dark energy, and the continued inability of the observational and theoretical physics community to find viable candidates for these postulated phenomena. While it is still possible that this search will eventually prove successful, it is perhaps worthwhile looking at alternatives, and in particular, re-examining the very foundations of our current cosmological model to see whether an entirely new cosmological paradigm might provide a better explanation. The main failures of the prevailing cosmological paradigm were reviewed, concentrating on the coincidences and contradictions presented by the relationship between dark matter and dark energy. Revisiting the core features of this paradigm, the Friedman-Lema\^itre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric is identified as the likely root cause of current issues with the $\Lambda$CDM model. Building on the concept of a `timeless' universe suggested by a number of theorists in recent years, the exochronous metric is introduced and is shown to give rise to a static solution to the Einstein field equations. The cosmological implications of this model are explored, and we demonstrate that it can result in a universe with a critical energy density that is close to the currently observed baryonic matter density, without the need to invoke dark matter or dark energy.