Two variations on the theme of Yang and Mills -- the SM and the FSM

TL;DR

This paper explores two variations of Yang-Mills theory, the Standard Model and the framed Standard Model, highlighting their structures, implications for particle physics, and potential explanations for phenomena like dark matter and CP violation.

Contribution

It introduces the framed Standard Model as an extension of the SM that incorporates framing of color symmetry, leading to predictions of new particles and solutions to CP problems.

Findings

FSM predicts a hidden sector with unknown particles.

FSM offers a solution to the strong CP problem.

Potential explanations for dark matter and anomalies like g-2.

Abstract

The standard model (SM) is viewed as a variation on the Yang-Mills theory with gauge symmetry $u(1) \times su(2) \times su(3)$, in which the flavour symmetry is framed and to which 3 generations of quarks and leptons are appended as inputs from experiment. The framed standard model (FSM) is then a further variation on the SM in which the colour symmetry is also framed, where the 3 generations now follow as consequences together with their characteristic mass and mixing patterns. In addition, the FSM yields as a bonus a solution to the strong CP problem leading to a unified treatment seemingly of all known CP physics for both quarks and leptons. It predicts, however, also a "hidden" sector populated by particles yet unknown, hence full both of promises (e.g.\ dark matter?) and of threats, which is just beginning to be explored (i) with a modified Weinberg mixing and (ii) with the $g-2$ and some other anomalies.