Geometric properties of spin clusters in random triangulations coupled with an Ising Model

TL;DR

This paper studies the geometric properties and phase transition behavior of spin clusters in random triangulations coupled with an Ising model, revealing critical exponents and scaling limits through combinatorial and probabilistic methods.

Contribution

It provides explicit geometric analysis of the phase transition in spin clusters on random triangulations, including critical exponents and scaling limits, using a novel combination of combinatorial and probabilistic techniques.

Findings

Existence of a phase transition for infinite spin clusters at critical temperature.

Explicit formula for the probability of an infinite root spin cluster.

Identification of the critical exponent β=1/4 for percolation.

Abstract

We investigate the geometry of a typical spin cluster in random triangulations sampled with a probability proportional to the energy of an Ising configuration on their vertices, both in the finite and infinite volume settings. This model is known to undergo a combinatorial phase transition at an explicit critical temperature, for which its partition function has a different asymptotic behavior than uniform maps. The purpose of this work is to give geometric evidence of this phase transition. In the infinite volume setting, called the Infinite Ising Planar Triangulation, we exhibit a phase transition for the existence of an infinite spin cluster: for critical and supercritical temperatures, the root spin cluster is finite almost surely, while it is infinite with positive probability for subcritical temperatures. Remarkably, we are able to obtain an explicit parametric expression for this probability, which allows to prove that the percolation critical exponent is $\beta=1/4$. We also derive critical exponents for the tail distribution of the perimeter and of the volume of the root spin cluster, both in the finite and infinite volume settings. Finally, we establish the scaling limit of the interface of the root spin cluster seen as a looptree. In particular in the whole supercritical temperature regime, we prove that the critical exponents and the looptree limit are the same as for critical Bernoulli site percolation. Our proofs mix combinatorial and probabilistic arguments. The starting point is the gasket decomposition, which makes full use of the spatial Markov property of our model. This decomposition enables us to characterize the root spin cluster as a Boltzmann planar map in the finite volume setting. We then combine precise combinatorial results obtained through analytic combinatorics and universal features of Boltzmann maps to establish our results.