Monopoles, Exotic states and Muon $g-2$ in TeV scale Trinification

TL;DR

This paper explores a TeV-scale trinification model that predicts new particles, explains the muon g-2 anomaly, and introduces monopoles and exotic matter, with implications for collider physics and magnetic monopole detection.

Contribution

It presents a minimal trinification model without gauge coupling unification, addressing neutrino masses, muon g-2, and monopoles, and estimates bounds on new particle masses and symmetry breaking scale.

Findings

Lower bound of ~15 TeV for new down-type quark masses

Lower bound of 16 TeV for symmetry breaking scale from LHC data

Prediction of a stable monopole with mass >160 TeV

Abstract

We study the low energy implications of a trinification model based on the gauge symmetry $G= SU(3)_c \times SU(3)_L \times SU(3)_R$, without imposing gauge coupling unification. A minimal model requires two Higgs multiplets that reside in the bi-fundamental representation of $G$, and this is shown to be adequate for accommodating the Standard Model (SM) fermion masses and generate, via loop corrections and seesaw mechanism, suitable masses for the heavy neutral leptons as well as the observed SM neutrinos. We estimate a lower bound of around 15 TeV for the masses of the new down-type quarks that are required by the $SU(3)_L \times SU(3)_R$ symmetry. We examine the resonant production at the LHC of the new gauge bosons, which leads to a lower bound of 16 TeV for the symmetry breaking scale of $G$. We also show how the muon $g-2$ anomaly can be resolved in the presence of these new gauge bosons and the heavy charged leptons present in the model. Finally, the model predicts the presence of a topologically stable monopole carrying three quanta $(6 \pi /e)$ of Dirac magnetic charge and mass $\gtrsim 160$ TeV. If new matter fields lying in the fundamental representations of G are included, the model predicts the presence of exotic leptons, mesons and baryons carrying fractional electric charges such as $\pm e/3$ and $\pm 2e/3$, fully compatible with the Dirac quantization condition.