Selectively strong coupling MoS$_2$ excitons to a metamaterial at room temperature

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that a hyperbolic metamaterial selectively enhances coupling with B excitons in monolayer MoS$_2$ at room temperature, leading to hybrid exciton-polariton states with significant Rabi splitting.

Contribution

It reveals the selective strong coupling of B excitons to HMM modes in MoS$_2$, a novel finding for energy-specific light-matter interactions at room temperature.

Findings

B excitons couple more strongly to HMM than A excitons.

Rabi splitting of at least 129 meV observed at room temperature.

HMM acts as an energy-selective coupler for MoS$_2$ excitons.

Abstract

Light emitters in vicinity of a hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) show a range of quantum optical phenomena from spontaneous decay rate enhancement to strong coupling. In this study, we integrate monolayer Molybdenum disulfide (MoS$_2$) emitter in near field region of HMM. The MoS$_2$ monolayer has A and B excitons, which emit in the red region of visible spectrum. We find that the B excitons couple to HMM differently compared to A excitons. The fabricated HMM transforms to a hyperbolic dispersive medium at 2.13 eV, from an elliptical dispersive medium. The selective coupling of B Excitons to the HMM modes is attributed to the inbuilt field gradient of the transition. The B exciton energy lies close to the transition point of the HMM, relative to A Exciton. So, the HMM modes couple more to the B excitons and the metamaterial functions as selective coupler. The coupling strength calculations show that coupling is 2.5 times stronger for B excitons relative to A excitons. High near field of HMM, large magnitude and the in-plane transition dipole moment of MoS$_2$ Excitons, result in strong coupling of B excitons and formation of hybrid light-matter states. The measured differential Reflection and Photoluminescence spectra indicate the presence of hybrid light-matter states i.e. Exciton-Polaritons. Rabi splitting of at least 129 meV at room temperature is observed. The low temperature Photoluminescence measurement shows mode anticrossing, which is characteristic feature of hybrid states. Our results show that the HMM works as a energy selective coupler for multi-excitonic systems as MoS$_2$.