Plasmon-Enhanced Photoresponse of a Single Silver Nanowire and its Networked Devices

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that single silver nanowires and their networks exhibit significant photoresponse due to plasmon-enhanced bolometric effects, with potential applications in plasmonics-enabled sensing and optoelectronic devices.

Contribution

First direct measurement of photoresponse in silver nanowires caused by plasmonic heating, revealing bolometric effects and enhancement via nanoparticle decoration.

Findings

Silver nanowires show intrinsic photoresponse due to plasmonic heating.

Surface plasmon polaritons cause localized heating at junctions.

Decoration with nanoparticles enhances the bolometric effect.

Abstract

Photo-bolometric effect is critically important in optoelectronic structures and devices employing metallic electrodes with nanoscale features due to heating caused by the plasmonic field enhancement. One peculiar case is individual silver nanowires (Ag NWs) and their networks. Ag NW-networks exhibit excellent thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties, providing a simple yet reliable alternative to common flexible transparent electrode materials used in optoelectronic devices. To date there have been no reports on the photoresponse of Ag NWs. In this work, we show that a single Ag NW and a network of such Ag NWs possess a significant, intrinsic photoresponse thanks to the photo-bolometric effect, as directly observed and measured using scanning photocurrent microscopy. Surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) created at the contact metals or plasmons created at the nanowire-metal structures cause heating at the junctions where a plasmonic field enhancement is possible. The local heating of the Ag NWs results in negative photoconductance due to the bolometric effect. Here an open-circuit response due to the plasmon-enhanced Seebeck effect was recorded at the NW-metal contact junctions. The SPP-assisted bolometric effect is found to be further enhanced by decorating the Ag NWs with Ag nanoparticles. These observations are relevant to the use of metallic nanowires in plasmonic applications in particular and in optoelectronics in general. Our findings may pave the path for plasmonics enabled sensing without a spectroscopic detection.