Interplay between binary and three-body interactions and enhancement of stability in trapless dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates

TL;DR

This study explores how binary and three-body interactions influence the stability of trapless dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates, revealing new stability regimes and enhancement methods through analytical and numerical analysis.

Contribution

It demonstrates that trapless dipolar BECs can be stabilized by specific combinations of interactions, including opposite signs, and shows how periodic modulation further enhances stability.

Findings

Stability achieved with both attractive binary and repulsive three-body interactions.

Stability also possible when binary and three-body interactions have opposite signs.

Periodic modulation of three-body interactions enhances trapless BEC stability.

Abstract

We investigate the nonlocal Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation with long-range dipole-dipole and contact interactions (including binary and three-body collisions). We address the impact of the three-body interaction on stabilizing trapless dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). It is found that the dipolar BECs exhibit stability not only for the usual combination of attractive binary and repulsive three-body interactions, but also for the case when these terms have opposite signs. The trapless stability of the dipolar BECs may be further enhanced by time-periodic modulation of the three-body interaction imposed by means of Feshbach resonance. The results are produced analytically using the variational approach and confirmed by numerical simulations.