Internal dark matter structure of the most massive galaxy clusters since redshift 1

TL;DR

This study uses cosmological simulations to analyze the dark matter density profiles of the most massive galaxy clusters from redshift 1 to the present, revealing their remarkable similarity and stability over time.

Contribution

It demonstrates that the dark matter profiles of massive galaxy clusters are already established by redshift 1 and remain consistent, showing little evolution despite merging activities.

Findings

Profiles are similar across redshifts with low dispersion.

Profiles follow a running power law shape typical of NFW profiles.

Inner structure shows no signs of converging to an asymptotic slope.

Abstract

We investigate the evolution of the dark matter density profiles of the most massive galaxy clusters in the Universe. Using a `zoom-in' procedure on a large suite of cosmological simulations of total comoving volume of $3\,(h^{-1}\,\rm Gpc)^3$, we study the 25 most massive clusters in four redshift slices from $z\sim 1$ to the present. The minimum mass is $M_{500} > 5.5 \times 10^{14}$ M$_{\odot}$ at $z=1$. Each system has more than two million particles within $r_{500}$. Once scaled to the critical density at each redshift, the dark matter profiles within $r_{500}$ are strikingly similar from $z\sim1$ to the present day, exhibiting a low dispersion of 0.15 dex, and showing little evolution with redshift in the radial logarithmic slope and scatter. They have the running power law shape typical of the NFW-type profiles, and their inner structure, resolved to $3.8\,h^{-1}$ comoving kpc at $z=1$, shows no signs of converging to an asymptotic slope. Our results suggest that this type of profile is already in place at $z>1$ in the highest-mass haloes in the Universe, and that it remains exceptionally robust to merging activity.