On the origin of cosmic web

TL;DR

This paper presents a kinetic approach to understanding the formation of the cosmic web, predicting the emergence of filamentary and layered structures through gravitational interactions and modified gravity theories.

Contribution

It introduces a self-consistent kinetic model incorporating Vlasov-Poisson equations and modified gravity to explain the origin of cosmic web structures and address the Hubble tension.

Findings

Prediction of two-dimensional layered structures in the universe

Explanation of the cosmic web's cellular macro-structure

Potential resolution of the Hubble tension through modified gravity

Abstract

The emergence of one and two-dimensional configurations -- Zeldovich pancakes -- progenitors of the observed filaments and clusters and groups of galaxies, is predicted by means of a developed kinetic approach in analyzing the evolution of initial density perturbations. The self-consistent gravitational interaction described by Vlasov-Poisson set of equations with branching conditions is shown to predict two-dimensional structures as of layers of increased density and voids between them, i.e. the cellular macro-structure of the Universe. The modified potential of weak-field General Relativity is involved, which enables one to explain the Hubble tension, revealing the conceptual discrepancy in the local galactic flows and the cosmological expansion. This demonstrates the possible essential role of self-consistent gravity in the formation of the cosmic web.