Data Harmonisation for Information Fusion in Digital Healthcare: A State-of-the-Art Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Future Research Directions

TL;DR

This paper reviews computational data harmonisation methods in digital healthcare, focusing on evaluation metrics and providing a checklist to improve research reporting and guide future studies.

Contribution

It offers a comprehensive survey of harmonisation approaches, evaluation metrics, and introduces a checklist and flowcharts to standardize and guide future data harmonisation research.

Findings

Summarizes various harmonisation strategies and metrics.

Proposes a checklist for reporting harmonisation studies.

Identifies limitations and future research directions.

Abstract

Removing the bias and variance of multicentre data has always been a challenge in large scale digital healthcare studies, which requires the ability to integrate clinical features extracted from data acquired by different scanners and protocols to improve stability and robustness. Previous studies have described various computational approaches to fuse single modality multicentre datasets. However, these surveys rarely focused on evaluation metrics and lacked a checklist for computational data harmonisation studies. In this systematic review, we summarise the computational data harmonisation approaches for multi-modality data in the digital healthcare field, including harmonisation strategies and evaluation metrics based on different theories. In addition, a comprehensive checklist that summarises common practices for data harmonisation studies is proposed to guide researchers to report their research findings more effectively. Last but not least, flowcharts presenting possible ways for methodology and metric selection are proposed and the limitations of different methods have been surveyed for future research.