How Smart Should a Forager Be?

TL;DR

This paper models an idealized intelligent forager whose optimal detection range balances the benefits of food detection against the metabolic costs of increased intelligence, maximizing its lifetime.

Contribution

It introduces a theoretical model linking forager intelligence, detection range, and metabolic costs, revealing an optimal intermediate intelligence level for maximum lifetime.

Findings

Lifetime is maximized at an intermediate detection range.

Both too low and too high intelligence levels reduce forager survival.

The model highlights a trade-off between detection ability and metabolic cost.

Abstract

We introduce an idealized model of an intelligent forager in which higher intelligence corresponds to a larger spatial range over which the forager can detect food. Such a forager diffuses randomly whenever the nearest food is more distant than the forager's detection range, $R$, and moves ballistically towards the nearest food inside its detection range. Concomitantly, the forager's metabolic energy cost per step is an increasing function of its intelligence. A dumb forager wanders randomly and may miss nearby food, thus making it susceptible to starvation. Conversely, a too-smart forager incurs a large metabolic cost per step during its search for food and is again susceptible to starvation. We show that the forager's lifetime is maximized at an optimal, intermediate level of intelligence.