Semiquantum Private Comparison of Size Relationship Based on d-level Single-Particle States

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new semiquantum protocol for comparing the size relationship of private messages using d-level single-particle states, ensuring security and efficiency with a semi-honest third party.

Contribution

It presents a novel SQPC protocol that improves upon previous methods by reducing quantum resource requirements and enhancing security against various attacks.

Findings

Protocol correctly compares size relationships.

Resists outside and participant attacks.

Ensures third party does not learn exact results.

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a novel semiquantum private comparison (SQPC) protocol of size relationship based on d-level single-particle states. The designed protocol can compare the size relationship of different privacy messages from two classical users with the help of a semi-honest third party (TP), who is permitted to misbehave on her own but cannot be in collusion with anyone else. The correctness analysis shows that this protocol can gain correct comparison results. The security analysis turns out that this protocol can resist famous outside attacks and participant attacks. Moreover, this protocol can guarantee that TP does not know the accurate comparison results. Compared with the only existing SQPC protocol of size relationship (Quantum Inf. Process. 20:124 (2021)), this protocol takes advantage over it on the aspects of initial quantum resource, TP's measurement operations and TP's knowledge about the comparison results.