Very large SiPM arrays with aggregated output

TL;DR

This paper presents a large-area SiPM-based photodetector with aggregated outputs, demonstrating high performance and low noise in cryogenic conditions, suitable as a PMT replacement.

Contribution

It introduces a 100 cm² SiPM array with aggregated output, achieving low dark count rate, high signal-to-noise ratio, and good timing resolution, advancing large-area photodetector technology.

Findings

Dark count rate below 100 cps in liquid nitrogen

Timing resolution better than 5.5 ns

Dynamic range over 500 photo-electrons

Abstract

In this work we will document the design and the performances of a SiPM-based photodetector with a surface area of 100 cm$^2$ conceived to operate as a replacement for PMTs. The signals from 94 SiPMs are summed up to produce an aggregated output that exhibits in liquid nitrogen a dark count rate (DCR) lower than 100 cps over the entire surface, a signal to noise ratio better than 13, and a timing resolution better than 5.5 ns. The module feeds about 360 mW at 5 V with a dynamic range in excess of 500 photo-electrons on a 100 $\Omega$ differential line. The unit is compatible with operations at room temperature, with a DCR increased by about 6 orders of magnitude.