Synchronization of Small-scale Magnetic Features, Blinkers, and Coronal Bright Points

TL;DR

This study analyzes ten years of solar data to explore the relationship and magnetic origins of various small-scale solar transients, revealing their correlation with magnetic flux and anti-correlation with the solar cycle.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive statistical analysis of blinkers, ECBPs, and XCBPs, linking their occurrence to magnetic features and solar cycle variations.

Findings

80% of blinkers occur at supergranule boundaries

Over 50% of transients associate with magnetic poles

Transients' intensities correlate with magnetic flux via a power law

Abstract

We investigate the relationship between different transients such as blinkers detected in images taken at 304~{\AA}, extreme ultraviolet coronal bright points (ECBPs) at 193~{\AA}, X-ray coronal bright points (XCBPs) at 94~{\AA} on AIA, and magnetic features observed by HMI during ten years of solar cycle 24. An automatic identification method is applied to detect transients, and the YAFTA algorithm is used to extract the magnetic features. Using ten years of data, we detect in total 7,483,827 blinkers, 2,082,162 ECBPs, and 1,188,839 XCBPs, respectively, with their birthrate of about $1.1\times10^{-18}$ ${\rm m}^{-2}{\rm s}^{-1}$, $3.8\times10^{-19}$ ${\rm m}^{-2}{\rm s}^{-1}$, and $1.5\times10^{-19}$ ${\rm m}^{-2}{\rm s}^{-1}$. We find that about 80\% of blinkers are observed at the boundaries of supergranules, and 57\% (34\%) are associated with ECBPs (XCBPs). We further find that about 61{--}80\% of transients are associated with the isolated magnetic poles in the quiet Sun and that \textbf{the normalized maximum intensities of the transients are correlated with photospheric magnetic flux of poles} via a power law. These results conspicuously show that these transients have a magnetic origin and their synchronized behavior provides further clues towards the understanding of the coupling among the different layers of the solar atmosphere. Our study further reveals that the appearance of these transients is strongly anti-correlated with the sunspots cycle. This finding can be relevant for a better understanding of solar dynamo and magnetic structures at different scales during the solar cycle.