The variation of the gas content of galaxy groups and pairs compared to isolated galaxies

TL;DR

This study investigates how the atomic gas fraction in galaxy groups, pairs, and isolated galaxies varies with stellar mass and star formation rate, revealing differences based on environment and survey data.

Contribution

It provides a comparative analysis of HI content in different galaxy environments using stacking techniques on ALFALFA and DINGO survey data, highlighting environmental effects on gas content.

Findings

Mean HI fraction decreases with stellar mass and star formation rate.

Groups have lower HI in DINGO data but higher in ALFALFA data compared to isolated galaxies.

Low-mass groups contain significant HI not associated with known member galaxies.

Abstract

We measure how the atomic gas (HI) fraction ($f_{HI}={\rm \frac{M_{HI}}{M_{*}}}$) of groups and pairs taken as single units vary with average stellar mass ($\langle {\rm M_*} \rangle$) and average star-formation rate ($\langle {\rm SFR} \rangle$), compared to isolated galaxies. The HI 21 cm emission observation are from (i) archival ALFALFA survey data covering three fields from the GAMA survey (provides environmental and galaxy properties), and (ii) DINGO pilot survey data of one of those fields. The mean $f_{HI}$ for different units (groups/pairs/isolated galaxies) are measured in regions of the log($\langle {\rm M_*} \rangle$) -- log($\langle {\rm SFR} \rangle$) plane, relative to the z $\sim 0$ star-forming main sequence (SFMS) of individual galaxies, by stacking $f_{HI}$ spectra of individual units. For ALFALFA, $f_{HI}$ spectra of units are measured by extracting HI spectra over the full groups/pair areas and dividing by the total stellar mass of member galaxies. For DINGO, $f_{HI}$ spectra of units are measured by co-adding HI spectra of individual member galaxies, followed by division by their total stellar mass. For all units the mean $f_{HI}$ decreases as we move to higher $\langle {\rm M_*} \rangle$ along the SFMS, and as we move from above the SFMS to below it at any $\langle {\rm M_*} \rangle$. From the DINGO-based study, mean $f_{HI}$ in groups appears to be lower compared to isolated galaxies for all $\langle {\rm M_*} \rangle$ along the SFMS. From the ALFALFA-based study we find substantially higher mean $f_{HI}$ in groups compared to isolated galaxies (values for pairs being intermediate) for ${\langle{\rm M_*}\rangle}\lesssim10^{9.5}~{\rm M_{\odot}}$, indicating the presence of substantial amounts of HI not associated with cataloged member galaxies in low mass groups.