Experimental observations of detached bow shock formation in the interaction of a laser-produced plasma with a magnetized obstacle

TL;DR

This study experimentally demonstrates the formation of a magnetized bow shock in a laboratory setting by interacting laser-produced plasma with a magnetic obstacle, providing insights into space plasma phenomena.

Contribution

It presents the first experimental evidence of a magnetized bow shock formed in laser-driven plasma interactions with a magnetic obstacle, validated by simulations and diagnostics.

Findings

Detection of a fast magnetosonic shock upstream of the obstacle

Reconstruction of magnetic field topology indicating bow shock formation

Agreement between experimental results and MHD simulations

Abstract

The magnetic field produced by planets with active dynamos, like the Earth, can exert sufficient pressure to oppose supersonic stellar wind plasmas, leading to the formation of a standing bow shock upstream of the magnetopause, or pressure-balance surface. Scaled laboratory experiments studying the interaction of an inflowing solar wind analog with a strong, external magnetic field are a promising new way to study magnetospheric physics and to complement existing models, although reaching regimes favorable for magnetized shock formation is experimentally challenging. This paper presents experimental evidence of the formation of a magnetized bow shock in the interaction of a supersonic, super-Alfv\'enic plasma with a strongly magnetized obstacle at the OMEGA laser facility. The solar wind analog is generated by the collision and subsequent expansion of two counter-propagating, laser-driven plasma plumes. The magnetized obstacle is a thin wire, driven with strong electrical currents. Hydrodynamic simulations using the FLASH code predict the colliding plasma source meets the criteria for bow shock formation. Spatially resolved, optical Thomson scattering measures the electron number density, and optical emission lines provide a measurement of the plasma temperature, from which we infer the presence of a fast magnetosonic shock far upstream of the obstacle. Proton images provide a measure of large-scale features in the magnetic field topology, and reconstructed path-integrated magnetic field maps from these images suggest the formation of a bow shock upstream of the wire and as a transient magnetopause. We compare features in the reconstructed fields to two-dimensional MHD simulations of the system.