Extended Bose-Hubbard model with dipolar excitons

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the realization of the extended Bose-Hubbard model using dipolar excitons in a 2D lattice, revealing insulating phases and checkerboard order due to long-range interactions.

Contribution

It presents the experimental implementation of the extended Bose-Hubbard model with dipolar excitons, enabling controlled studies of long-range interactions in lattice systems.

Findings

Observation of insulating state at half filling

Detection of checkerboard spatial order signatures

Implementation of boson-like arrays with strong off-site interactions

Abstract

The Hubbard model constitutes one of the most celebrated theoretical frameworks of condensed-matter physics. It describes strongly correlated phases of interacting quantum particles confined in lattice potentials. For bosons, the Hubbard Hamiltonian has been deeply scrutinised for short-range on-site interactions. However, accessing longer-range couplings has remained elusive experimentally. This marks the frontier towards the extended Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian that allows insulating ordered phases at fractional lattice fillings. Here we implement this Hamiltonian by confining semiconductor dipolar excitons in an artificial two-dimensional square lattice. Strong dipolar repulsions between nearest neighbouring lattice sites then stabilise an insulating state at half filling. This characteristic feature of the extended Bose-Hubbard model exhibits signatures theoretically expected for a checkerboard spatial order. Our work thus highlights that dipolar excitons enable controlled implementations of boson-like arrays with strong off-site interactions, in lattices with programmable geometries and over 100 sites.