Designing Internet of Behaviors Systems

TL;DR

This paper introduces the Internet of Behaviors (IoB) concept, presenting a model that integrates human behavior into intelligent systems, demonstrated through a real-world crowd monitoring application at the Uffizi Galleries.

Contribution

It defines a novel IoB model based on interdisciplinary efforts and demonstrates its practical implementation in a socio-technical infrastructure for crowd management.

Findings

Successful implementation of a real-time crowd monitoring system

System adapts and learns from human behavior patterns

Provides expert recommendations and future directions for IoB

Abstract

The Internet of Behaviors (IoB) puts human behavior at the core of engineering intelligent connected systems. IoB links the digital world to human behavior to establish human-driven design, development, and adaptation processes. This paper defines the novel concept by an IoB model based on a collective effort interacting with software engineers, human-computer interaction scientists, social scientists, and cognitive science communities. The model for IoB is created based on an exploratory study that synthesizes state-of-the-art analysis and experts interviews. The architecture of a real industry 4.0 manufacturing infrastructure helps to explain the IoB model and it's application. The conceptual model was used to successfully implement a socio-technical infrastructure for a crowd monitoring and queue management system for the Uffizi Galleries, Florence, Italy. The experiment, which started in the fall of 2016 and was operational in the fall of 2018, used a data-driven approach to feed the system with real-time sensory data. It also incorporated prediction models on visitors' mobility behavior. The system's main objective was to capture human behavior, model it, and build a mechanism that considers changes, adapts in real-time, and continuously learns from repetitive behaviors. In addition to the conceptual model and the real-life evaluation, this paper provides recommendations from experts and gives future directions for IoB to become a significant technological advancement in the coming few years.