Transmutation operators and expansions for $1$-loop Feynman integrands

TL;DR

This paper develops new differential operators to relate 1-loop Feynman integrands across various theories, enabling systematic expansions and revealing dualities among them.

Contribution

It introduces transmutation operators that connect 1-loop gravitational and Yang-Mills integrands and derives systematic expansions among multiple theories.

Findings

Constructed differential operators transmuting gravitational to Yang-Mills integrands.

Established a unified web of expansions among diverse theories.

Provided systematic rules for evaluating expansion coefficients.

Abstract

In this paper, the connections among $1$-loop Feynman integrands of a large variety of theories with massless external states are further investigated. The work includes two parts. First, we construct a new class of differential operators which transmute the $1$-loop gravitational Feynman integrands to $1$-loop Yang-Mills Feynman integrands. The new operators are commutable with the integration of loop momentum, thus the corresponding transmutational relations hold at not only the integrands level, but also the $1$-loop amplitudes level. Secondly, by using $1$-loop level transmutational relations, together with some general requirements such as gauge and Lorentz invariance, we derive the expansions of the Feynman integrands of one theory to those of other theories. The unified web for expansions is established, including a wide range of theories which are gravitational theory, Einstein-Yang-Mills theory, Einstein-Maxwell theory, Born-Infeld theory, pure Yang-Mills theory, Yang-Mills-scalar theory, special Yang-Mills-scalar theory, Dirac-Born-Infeld theory, extended Dirac-Born-Infeld theory, special Galileon theory, non-linear sigma model. The systematic rules for evaluating coefficients in the expansions are provided, and the duality between transmutational relations and expansions is shown.