Harmonics Virtual Lights : fast projection of luminance field on spherical harmonics for efficient rendering

TL;DR

This paper introduces Harmonics Virtual Lights (HVL), a novel method for efficiently projecting luminance fields onto spherical harmonics to enable fast, high-quality global illumination rendering in dynamic 3D scenes.

Contribution

HVL extends Virtual Spherical Lights within a spherical harmonics framework, providing a closed-form, faster projection method suitable for interactive rendering with adjustable quality.

Findings

HVL achieves faster SH projection than existing methods.

Supports arbitrary BRDF without additional cost.

Enables real-time medium-frequency global illumination.

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce Harmonics Virtual Lights (HVL), to model indirect light sources for interactive global illumination of dynamic 3D scenes. Virtual Point Lights (VPL) are an efficient approach to define indirect light sources and to evaluate the resulting indirect lighting. Nonetheless, VPL suffer from disturbing artifacts, especially with high frequency materials. Virtual Spherical Lights (VSL) avoid these artifacts by considering spheres instead of points but estimates the lighting integral using Monte Carlo which results to noise in the final image. We define HVL as an extension of VSL in a Spherical Harmonics (SH) framework, defining a closed form of the lighting integral evaluation. We propose an efficient SH projection of spherical lights contribution faster than existing methods. Computing the outgoing luminance requires $\mathcal{O}(n)$ operations when using materials with circular symmetric lobes, and $\mathcal{O}(n^2)$ operations for the general case, where $n$ is the number of SH bands. HVL can be used with either parametric or measured BRDF without extra cost and offers control over rendering time and image quality, by either decreasing or increasing the band limit used for SH projection. Our approach is particularly well designed to render medium-frequency one-bounce global illumination with arbitrary BRDF in interactive time.