The Parental Active Model: a unifying stochastic description of self-propulsion

TL;DR

This paper introduces the Parental Active Model (PAM), a unifying stochastic framework that encompasses and extends existing models of self-propelled particles, revealing deep connections and enabling more accurate descriptions of active matter systems.

Contribution

The paper presents PAM, a new comprehensive model unifying ABPs and AOUPs, and demonstrates its ability to interpolate between these models and describe diverse active matter behaviors.

Findings

PAM unifies ABP and AOUP models within a single framework.

A phase diagram illustrates the transition from Gaussian to Mexican-hat density profiles.

The model captures the stochastic relationship between fluctuations in magnitude and direction of self-propulsion.

Abstract

We propose a new overarching model for self-propelled particles that flexibly generates a full family of "descendants". The general dynamics introduced in this paper, which we denote as "parental" active model (PAM), unifies two special cases commonly used to describe active matter, namely active Brownian particles (ABPs) and active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particles (AOUPs). We thereby document the existence of a deep and close stochastic relationship between them, resulting in the subtle balance between fluctuations in the magnitude and direction of the self-propulsion velocity. Besides illustrating the relation between these two common models, the PAM can generate additional offspring, interpolating between ABP and AOUP dynamics, that could provide more suitable models for a large class of living and inanimate active matter systems, possessing characteristic distributions of their self-propulsion velocity. Our general model is evaluated in the presence of a harmonic external confinement. For this reference example, we present a two-state phase diagram which sheds light on the transition in the shape of the positional density distribution, from a unimodal Gaussian for AOUPs to a Mexican-hat-like profile for ABPs.