The lower moments of nucleon structure functions in lattice QCD with physical quark masses

TL;DR

This study computes nucleon structure functions and form factors from lattice QCD with physical quark masses, providing insights into nucleon structure and validating lattice methods against experimental data.

Contribution

First lattice QCD calculation of lower moments of nucleon structure functions with physical quark masses and large volume, including renormalized and ratio-based results for direct experimental comparison.

Findings

Lower moments of structure functions are evaluated at physical quark masses.

Ratios of axial and vector couplings are computed without renormalization.

Results show consistency with experimental data within uncertainties.

Abstract

We present results for the nucleon structure functions and form factors obtained from 2+1 flavor lattice QCD with physical light quark masses ($m_{\pi}=135$ MeV) in a large spatial extent of about 10 fm. Our calculations are performed with the PACS10 gauge configurations generated by the PACS Collaboration with the six stout-smeared ${\mathscr{O}}(a)$ improved Wilson-clover quark action and Iwasaki gauge action at $\beta=1.82$ and $2.00$ corresponding to lattice spacings of $0.085$ fm and $0.064$ fm respectively. The lower moments of structure functions, $\langle x \rangle_{u-d}$ and $\langle x \rangle_{\Delta u - \Delta d}$ given by the twist-2 operators being properly renormalized, are evaluated in the $\overline{\rm MS}$ scheme at the renormalization scale of 2 GeV only at $\beta=1.82$, since the renormalization factors at $\beta=2.00$ have not yet determined nonperturbatively in the RI/MOM scheme. Instead, at two lattice spacings, we evaluate appropriate ratios of $g_{A}/g_{V}$ and $\langle x \rangle_{u-d}/\langle x \rangle_{\Delta u -\Delta d}$, which are not renormalized in the continuum limit. These quantities thus can be directly compared with the experimental data without the renormalization.