Infectious Diseases Spreading Fought by Multiple Vaccines Having a Prescribed Time Effect

TL;DR

This paper introduces a comprehensive framework to model and compare the effects of multiple vaccines with different timing and efficacy on epidemic spread, incorporating demographic factors like age and gender.

Contribution

It presents a novel modeling approach that accounts for multiple vaccines, age, and gender differences, enabling simulation and comparison of vaccination strategies.

Findings

Framework allows detailed simulation of vaccination impacts

Incorporates age and gender heterogeneity in epidemic modeling

Facilitates evaluation of different vaccination strategies

Abstract

We propose a framework for the description of the effects of vaccinations on the spreading of an epidemic disease. Different vaccines can be dosed, each providing different immunization times and immunization levels. Differences due to individuals' ages are accounted for through the introduction of either a continuous age structure or a discrete set of age classes. Extensions to gender differences or to distinguish fragile individuals can also be considered. Within this setting, vaccination strategies can be simulated, tested and compared, as is explicitly described through numerical integrations.