Tracking Down the Route to the SM with Inflation and Gravitational Waves

TL;DR

This paper investigates how gravitational wave signals from topological defects and phase transitions in supersymmetric SO(10) models can reveal the symmetry breaking history and distinguish between supersymmetric and non-supersymmetric origins.

Contribution

It provides explicit calculations of gravitational wave profiles from various sources in supersymmetric SO(10) models, linking them to symmetry breaking scales and potential detection.

Findings

Gravitational wave signals depend on intermediate symmetry breaking scales.

Examples with multiple gravitational wave sources are difficult to realize.

Predicted signals may require high-frequency detectors in the kHz to MHz range.

Abstract

We explore supersymmetric SO(10) models predicting observable proton decay and various topological defects which produce different shapes and strengths of gravitational wave backgrounds depending on the scales of intermediate symmetry breaking and inflation as well. We compare these to their non-supersymmetric counterparts. By identifying the scales at which gravitational wave signals appear, we would be able to track down a particular breaking chain and discern if it has a supersymmetric origin or not. It would also be useful to observe gravitational waves from more than one source among all possible topological defects and first order phase transitions for a realistic breaking chain. For these purposes, we work out specific examples in which the grand unification and relevant intermediate scales are calculable explicitly. It turns out that examples with gravitational waves from different sources are quite difficult to obtain, and the predicted gravitational wave profiles from domain walls and first order phase transitions obtained in some examples will require detectors in the kHz to MHz region.