A Model-Based Architecture for Automatic Anesthesia Infusion

TL;DR

This paper introduces a model-based control system for automatic anesthesia infusion that maintains stable drug delivery and BIS levels, enhancing safety and reliability during anesthesia procedures.

Contribution

It presents a novel control architecture based on MCPS and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic models for automatic, adaptive anesthesia infusion without overshoot.

Findings

Achieves stable BIS control during anesthesia

Demonstrates robustness with noise addition

Ensures fast and stable induction

Abstract

This paper presents a model-based control architecture. Based on the Medical Cyber-physical Systems (MCPS) concept, we construct a safe and reliable automatic anesthesia control closed-loop system. The control architecture uses the patient's propofol pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model, using the calculated results as a feedback signal to correct the model's uncertainties. During anesthesia, the bispectral index (BIS) level is used as a control variable to control the depth of anesthesia. The proposed control architecture can automatically adjust the infusion rate of anesthesia drugs without concussion or overshoot. The system adaptively adjusts the drug infusion rate to maintain the BIS level at a stable target value. We utilized MATLAB-Simulink to verify the effectiveness of this method, and the robustness test was carried out by adding noise blocks. At last, we analyze the simulation result of the average patient. In general, the proposed method achieves a stable and fast induction period during the maintenance phase of anesthesia with a good disturbance rejection.