Spin-electron-acoustic waves and solitons in high-density degenerate relativistic plasmas

TL;DR

This paper develops a relativistic hydrodynamic model to study spin-electron-acoustic waves and solitons in high-density degenerate plasmas, revealing relativistic effects on wave spectra and soliton properties.

Contribution

It introduces a novel relativistic hydrodynamic framework with separate spin evolution for analyzing spin-electron-acoustic phenomena in dense plasmas.

Findings

Relativistic effects decrease the phase velocity of spin-electron-acoustic waves.

Spectra of Langmuir and spin-electron-acoustic waves converge in the relativistic limit.

Relativistic effects can transform bright solitons into dark solitons.

Abstract

The spin-electron-acoustic waves (sometimes called the spin-plasmons) can be found in degenerate electron gas if the spin-up electrons and spin down electrons move relatively each other. Here, we suggest relativistic hydrodynamics with the separate spin evolution which allows us to study linear and nonlinear spin-electron-acoustic waves, including the spin-electron-acoustic solitons. Presented hydrodynamic model is the corresponding generalization of the relativistic hydrodynamic model with the average reverse gamma factor evolution which consists of the equations for evolution of the following functions the partial concentrations (for spin-up electrons and spin down electrons), the partial velocity fields, the partial average reverse relativistic gamma factors, and the partial flux of the reverse relativistic gamma factors. We find that the relativistic effects decreases the phase velocity of spin-electron-acoustic waves. Numerical analysis of the changes of spectra of Langmuir wave, spin-electron-acoustic wave, and ion-acoustic wave under the change of the spin polarization of electrons is presented. It is demonstrated that spectra of Langmuir wave and spin-electron-acoustic wave getting closer to each other in the relativistic limit. Spin dependence of the amplitude and width of the relativistic spin-electron-acoustic soliton is demonstrated as well. Reformation of the bright soliton of potential of the electric field into the dark soliton under the influence of the relativistic effects is found.