A phase-field approach to model evaporation from porous media: Modeling and upscaling

TL;DR

This paper introduces a phase-field model for evaporation in porous media that captures interface dynamics and is upscaled to Darcy scale, providing a comprehensive framework for modeling and analyzing evaporation processes.

Contribution

The paper develops a novel phase-field model incorporating vapor, liquid, and gas phases, and performs upscaling to connect pore-scale parameters with Darcy-scale effective properties.

Findings

Model accurately captures droplet evaporation and shrinking.

Energy decreases over time in diffusion-dominated regimes.

Upscaling links pore-scale parameters to Darcy-scale effective parameters.

Abstract

We develop a phase-field model for evaporation from a porous medium by explicitly considering a vapor component together with the liquid and gas phases in the system. The phase-field model consists of the conservation of mass (for phases and vapor component), momentum, and energy. In addition, the evolution of the phase field is described by the Allen-Cahn equation. In the limit of vanishing interface width, matched asymptotic expansions reveal that the phase-field model reduces to the sharp-interface model with all the relevant transmission conditions on the moving interface. An energy estimate is derived, which suggests that for the diffusion-dominated regime, energy always decreases with time. However, this is not trivial in the case of other regimes. Through numerical examples, we analyze the efficiency of the developed phase-field formulation in modeling the evaporation process. We observe that our formulation is able to capture shrinking liquid droplet, in other words evaporation. Further, the phase-field model is upscaled to the Darcy scale using periodic homogenization for the diffusion-dominated regime. The effective parameters at the Darcy scale are connected to the pore scale through corresponding cell problems.