Microscopic description of cluster decays based on the generator coordinate method

TL;DR

This paper develops a microscopic approach using the generator coordinate method to describe cluster decays in heavy nuclei, bridging the gap between phenomenological models and a fundamental understanding of nuclear fission processes.

Contribution

It introduces a microscopic GCM-based framework for cluster radioactivities, incorporating pairing correlations and potential models, to predict decay rates of heavy nuclei.

Findings

Reproduces decay rate of $^{222}$Ra within two orders of magnitude.

Successfully applies the method to actinide nuclei like $^{228}$Th and $^{232}$U.

Provides a promising microscopic description of cluster decays.

Abstract

\noindent\textbf{Background:} While many phenomenological models for nuclear fission have been developed, a microscopic understanding of fission has remained one of the most challenging problems in nuclear physics. \noindent\textbf{Purpose:} We investigate an applicability of the generator coordinate method (GCM) as a microscopic theory for cluster radioactivities of heavy nuclei, which can be regarded as a fission with large mass asymmetry, that is, a phenomenon in between fission and $\alpha$-decays. \noindent\textbf{Methods:} Based on the Gamow theory, we evaluate the preformation probability of a cluster with GCM while the penetrability of the Coulomb barrier is estimated with a potential model. To this end, we employ Skyrme interactions and solve the one-dimensional Hill-Wheeler equation with the mass octupole field. We also take into account the dynamical effects of the pairing correlation using BCS wavefunctions constructed with an increased strength of the pairing interaction. \noindent\textbf{Results:} We apply this scheme to the cluster decay of $^{222}$Ra, i.e., $^{222}$Ra$\to^{14}$C+$^{208}$Pb, to show that the experimental decay rate can be reproduced within about two order of magnitude. We also briefly discuss the cluster radioactivities of the $^{228}$Th and $^{232}$U nuclei. For these actinide nuclei, we find that the present calculations reproduce the decay rates with the same order of magnitude and within two or three order of magnitude, respectively. \noindent\textbf{Conclusions:} The method presented in this paper provides a promising way to describe microscopically cluster decays of heavy nuclei.