Analysis of Mission Opportunities to Sedna in 2029-2034

TL;DR

This paper analyzes trajectory options for missions to Sedna between 2029 and 2034, highlighting gravity assist maneuvers as feasible strategies due to high velocity requirements for direct flights.

Contribution

It introduces two transfer scenarios to Sedna, emphasizing gravity assist maneuvers and analyzing their feasibility and optimal launch windows.

Findings

Direct flight is impractical due to high velocity needs.

Gravity assists near Venus, Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, and Neptune are promising.

2029 is the optimal launch year for minimal velocity requirements.

Abstract

The article focuses on trajectory design to the trans-Neptunian object (90377) Sedna for launch in 2029-2034. Sedna is currently moving to the perihelion at a distance of around 74 au from the Sun. The perihelion passage is estimated to be in 2073-74. That opens up of opportunities to study such a distant object. Known for its orbit and 10 thousand year period, Sedna is an exciting object for deep space exploration. The current research provides two possible scenarios of transfer to Sedna. A direct flight and flights including gravity assist manoeuvres are considered. The present study showed that a direct flight would be practically unrealistic due to the high total characteristic velocity and the time of flight value. Promising scenarios include gravity assist manoeuvres near Venus, Earth, Jupiter, Saturn and Neptune. The analysis of the close approach to asteroids during the flight to Sedna had been performed. Results of the research presented in this article show that the launch in 2029 provides the best transfer conditions in terms of minimum total characteristic velocity. The analysis shows that with a small additional impulses flybys of the large main-belt asteroids (16) Psyche for launch in 2034 and (20) Massalia for launch in 2029 are possible.