Influence of Sequential Changes in the Crude Oil-Water Interfacial Tension on Spontaneous Imbibition in Oil-Wet Sandstone

TL;DR

This study investigates how sequential changes in crude oil-water interfacial tension affect spontaneous imbibition in oil-wet sandstone, revealing that decreasing tension enhances oil recovery more effectively than a single reduction.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach of sequential interfacial tension variation and compares its effects on oil recovery in co-current and counter-current imbibition.

Findings

Sequential reduction in interfacial tension increases oil recovery to 26.9%.

Sequential increase causes an immediate oil release but limited further displacement.

Counter-current imbibition shows similar trends with less overall oil produced.

Abstract

Crude oil-water interfacial tension in petroleum reservoir is reduced or increased due to surfactant injection or surfactant retention, respectively. Changes in the interfacial tension crucially attribute to a governing capillary pressure and hence an oil displacement in spontaneous imbibition process. The current study attempts to elucidate an influence of such changes on spontaneous imbibition by replacing surfactant concentration consecutively with two approaches: sequential decrease and sequential increase in the interfacial tension. Two fluid flow directions were examined simultaneously: co-current and counter-current flows. With strongly oil-wet wettability, capillarity was a resisting element to oil displacement and therefore controlled by the oil-water interfacial tension. The sequential-reduced interfacial tension was found to weaken such resisting capillary force gradually and resulted in consecutive incremental oil production. On the contrary, the sequential-increased interfacial tension initiated the lowest interfacial tension fluid that produced an immediate large amount of oil, but did not much displace further oil. The current study observed a greater oil recovery obtained from a sequential reduction in the interfacial tension scheme (26.9%) compared to a conventional single reduction scheme (22.4%), with both schemes attaining same interfacial tension at last. In counter-current imbibition, same characteristics of oil displacement were observed as in co-current imbibition, with less oil produced and less sensitive to fluid changes due to negligible gravitational contribution.