Adsorption of water on the pristine and defective semiconducting 2D CrPX$_3$ monolayers (X: S, Se)

TL;DR

This study uses density functional theory to analyze how water molecules interact with pristine and defective 2D CrPX3 monolayers, revealing physisorption behavior and minor electronic structure changes due to vacancies.

Contribution

It provides the first theoretical insights into water adsorption on 2D CrPX3 monolayers, highlighting the insensitivity of adsorption energy to defects.

Findings

Water physisorbs on CrPX3 surfaces with similar energies.

Chalcogen vacancies cause minor electronic structure modifications.

Defect states are localized within the energy gap.

Abstract

The effect of vacancy and water adsorption on the electronic structure of semiconducting 2D trichalcogenide material CrPX$_3$ (X: S, Se) is studied using state-of-the-art density functional theory (DFT) approach. It is found that chalcogen vacancies play a minor role on the electronic structure of CrPX$_3$ in the vicinity of the Fermi level leading to the slightly reduced band gap for these materials, however, inducing strongly localised defect states which are placed in the energy gap formed by the valence band states. Our DFT calculations show that the interaction of water molecules with CrPX$_3$, pristine and defective, can be described as physisorption and the adsorption energy for H$_2$O is insensitive to the difference between pristine and chalcogen-defective surface of trichalcogenide material. These results are the first steps for the theoretical description of the ambient molecules interaction with 2D semiconducting CrPX$_3$ material, that is important for its future experimental studies and possible applications.