Serverless data pipeline approaches for IoT data in fog and cloud computing

TL;DR

This paper explores serverless data pipeline strategies for IoT data in fog and cloud computing, comparing three approaches through performance evaluation on various applications to identify their suitability for different tasks.

Contribution

It introduces and evaluates three distinct serverless data pipeline approaches for IoT data, providing insights into their performance and resource utilization in fog and cloud environments.

Findings

OSS approach best for compute-intensive tasks

DFT suited for bandwidth-intensive applications

MQTT SDP increases CPU and memory usage with scale

Abstract

With the increasing number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, massive amounts of raw data is being generated. The latency, cost, and other challenges in cloud-based IoT data processing have driven the adoption of Edge and Fog computing models, where some data processing tasks are moved closer to data sources. Properly dealing with the flow of such data requires building data pipelines, to control the complete life cycle of data streams from data acquisition at the data source, edge and fog processing, to Cloud side storage and analytics. Data analytics tasks need to be executed dynamically at different distances from the data sources and often on very heterogeneous hardware devices. This can be streamlined by the use of a Serverless (or FaaS) cloud computing model, where tasks are defined as virtual functions, which can be migrated from edge to cloud (and vice versa) and executed in an event-driven manner on data streams. In this work, we investigate the benefits of building Serverless data pipelines (SDP) for IoT data analytics and evaluate three different approaches for designing SDPs: 1) Off-the-shelf data flow tool (DFT) based, 2) Object storage service (OSS) based and 3) MQTT based. Further, we applied these strategies on three fog applications (Aeneas, PocketSphinx, and custom Video processing application) and evaluated the performance by comparing their processing time (computation time, network communication and disk access time), and resource utilization. Results show that DFT is unsuitable for compute-intensive applications such as video or image processing, whereas OSS is best suitable for this task. However, DFT is nicely fit for bandwidth-intensive applications due to the minimum use of network resources. On the other hand, MQTT-based SDP is observed with increase in CPU and Memory usage as the number of...<truncted to fit character limit in Arxiv>