Disconnected Matchings

TL;DR

This paper investigates the computational complexity of finding maximum matchings with a specified number of connected components, providing complexity results, algorithms, and parameterized analysis for various graph classes.

Contribution

It establishes NP-completeness results for c-disconnected matchings, offers polynomial algorithms for specific cases, and explores fixed-parameter tractability and kernelization bounds.

Findings

NP-complete for fixed c ≥ 2 on bounded diameter bipartite graphs

Polynomial-time solvable for c=1 and for interval graphs when c is part of input

FPT algorithm under treewidth and XP algorithm for graphs with polynomial minimal separators

Abstract

In 2005, Goddard, Hedetniemi, Hedetniemi and Laskar [Generalized subgraph-restricted matchings in graphs, Discrete Mathematics, 293 (2005) 129 - 138] asked the computational complexity of determining the maximum cardinality of a matching whose vertex set induces a disconnected graph. In this paper we answer this question. In fact, we consider the generalized problem of finding $c$-disconnected matchings; such matchings are ones whose vertex sets induce subgraphs with at least $c$ connected components. We show that, for every fixed $c \geq 2$, this problem is NP-complete even if we restrict the input to bounded diameter bipartite graphs, while can be solved in polynomial time if $c = 1$. For the case when $c$ is part of the input, we show that the problem is NP-complete for chordal graphs, while being solvable in polynomial time for interval graphs. Finally, we explore the parameterized complexity of the problem. We present an FPT algorithm under the treewidth parameterization, and an XP algorithm for graphs with a polynomial number of minimal separators when parameterized by $c$. We complement these results by showing that, unless NP $\subseteq$ coNP/poly, the related Induced Matching problem does not admit a polynomial kernel when parameterized by vertex cover and size of the matching nor when parameterized by vertex deletion distance to clique and size of the matching. As for Connected Matching, we show how to obtain a maximum connected matching in linear time given an arbitrary maximum matching in the input.