Effects of quantum fluctuations on the low-energy collective modes of two-dimensional superfluid Fermi gases from the BCS to the Bose Limit

TL;DR

This paper studies how quantum fluctuations influence the low-energy collective excitations of 2D superfluid Fermi gases across the BCS-Bose crossover, aligning well with recent experimental data.

Contribution

It demonstrates the essential role of quantum fluctuations in accurately describing collective modes and reveals the dispersion shape change from concave to convex during the crossover.

Findings

Quantum fluctuations are crucial for correct chemical potential and dispersion.

Dispersion changes from concave to convex as interactions vary.

Collective modes do not cross the two-particle continuum in 2D.

Abstract

We investigate the effects of quantum fluctuations on the low-energy collective modes of two-dimensional (2D) $s$-wave Fermi superfluids from the BCS to the Bose limit. We compare our results to recent Bragg scattering experiments in 2D box potentials, with very good agreement. We show that quantum fluctuations in the phase and modulus of the pairing order parameter are absolutely necessary to give physically acceptable chemical potential and dispersion relation of the low-energy collective mode throughout the BCS to Bose evolution. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the dispersion of the collective modes change from concave to convex as interactions are tuned from the BCS to the Bose regime, and never crosses the two-particle continuum, because arbitrarily small attractive interactions produce bound states in 2D.