Experimental quantum advantage with quantum coupon collector

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a quantum coupon collector protocol using realistic optical equipment, showing quantum advantage in reducing samples needed for learning and surpassing classical limits in communication tasks.

Contribution

The study introduces a practical quantum coupon collector protocol with experimental validation, highlighting quantum advantages in sample efficiency and communication complexity.

Findings

Quantum coupon collector reduces sample requirements compared to classical limits.

Experimental implementation successfully demonstrated the protocol with realistic equipment.

Quantum advantage observed in a quantum blind box game surpassing classical communication limits.

Abstract

An increasing number of communication and computational schemes with quantum advantages have recently been proposed, which implies that quantum technology has fertile application prospects. However, demonstrating these schemes experimentally continues to be a central challenge because of the difficulty in preparing high-dimensional states or highly entangled states. In this study, we introduce and analyse a quantum coupon collector protocol by employing coherent states and simple linear optical elements, which was successfully demonstrated using realistic experimental equipment. We showed that our protocol can significantly reduce the number of samples needed to learn a specific set compared with the classical limit of the coupon collector problem. We also discuss the potential values and expansions of the quantum coupon collector by constructing a quantum blind box game. The information transmitted by the proposed game also broke the classical limit. These results strongly prove the advantages of quantum mechanics in machine learning and communication complexity.