Critical phenomena in dynamical scalarization of charged black hole

TL;DR

This paper uncovers a new dynamical scalarization mechanism in charged black holes, revealing critical phenomena and power-law behaviors during scalar field accretion that determine the black hole's final state.

Contribution

It introduces a novel scalarization process with critical phenomena and scaling laws in black hole evolution, expanding understanding of nonlinear scalar field interactions.

Findings

Identification of a critical parameter p* governing black hole scalarization.

Discovery of a logarithmic scaling law for intermediate solution lifetimes.

Power-law relations between final black hole masses and parameter deviations.

Abstract

We report a new black hole scalarization mechanism and disclose novel dynamical critical phenomena in the process of the nonlinear accretion of the scalar field into black holes. The accretion process can transform a seed black hole into a final scalarized or bald black hole, depending on the initial parameter of the scalar field $p$. There is a critical parameter $p_{\ast}$ and near it all intermediate solutions are attracted to a critical solution and stay there for a time scaling as $T\propto-\gamma\ln|p-p_{\ast}|$. At late times, the solutions evolve into scalarized black holes if $p>p_{\ast}$, or bald black holes if $p<p_{\ast}$. The final masses of the resulting scalarized/bald black holes satisfy power-laws $M_{p}-M_{\pm}\propto|p-p_{\ast}|^{\gamma_{\pm}}$ where $M_{\pm}$ are the masses of the scalarized/bald black holes when $p\to p_\ast$ from above/below, and $\gamma_{\pm}$ the corresponding exponents.